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Actinic Keratosis

If you notice a persistent rough-feeling pink patch, particularly in an area that receives a lot of sun exposure, you may have actinic keratosis. Actinic keratosis is a type of pre-cancerous growth that results from chronic UV damage. These growths are very common and treatable, but it is important to seek care from a board-certified dermatologist to address these skin lesions so they do not evolve into a more serious skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). At Arlington Dermatology, our board-certified dermatologists create evidence and experience-based, effective treatment plans for actinic keratoses.

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What Causes Actinic Keratoses?

A case of actinic keratosis (solar keratosis).

Actinic Keratoses are caused by chronic exposure to UV light which permanently damages skin cells. These damaged skin cells occasionally will evolve into precancerous growths called actinic keratoses. 

You may have experienced damaging UV exposure from:

  • Chronic exposure to natural sunlight
  • Tanning bed use

Who Gets Actinic Keratoses?

Nearly anyone can develop actinic keratoses, but some risk factors that increase your risk include:

  • Fair skin that burns easily 
  • Blond or red hair
  • Light-colored eyes
  • Older age (50 years or older)
  • Weakened immune system (ex. immunosuppression)
  • Tanning bed use
  • A significant amount of time spent outdoors

How Can I Prevent Actinic Keratoses?

The most important steps you can take to prevent actinic keratoses are to diligently wear sunscreen, wear sun-protective clothing, and limit your UV exposure as much as possible. To prevent actinic keratoses, you should:

  • Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher daily 
  • Reapply sunscreen frequently 
  • Avoid tanning (both in tanning beds or natural sunlight) 
  • Wear protective clothing, including sunglasses and wide-brimmed hats
  • Perform regular self-exams to check for signs of actinic keratoses and skin cancer

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Why Treat Actinic Keratoses?

Treating actinic keratoses is important to reduce your risk of developing skin cancer. We know that actinic keratoses can occasionally develop into localized skin cancers called squamous cell carcinomas and thus it is important to treat them promptly to prevent this evolution to skin cancer. Aside from the importance of preventing skin cancer, actinic keratoses can also be cosmetically bothersome and irritating, and some patients elect to treat them for this reason as well.

How Can I Treat Actinic Keratoses?

Actinic keratosis (solar keratosis) on the scalp of an elderly man.

Your board-certified dermatologist will diagnose actinic keratoses through a careful physical exam, while also closely inspecting for any other concerning skin lesions during your visit. Following a diagnosis of actinic keratoses, these lesions can then be treated using one or more treatment options. The recommended treatment option for you will vary depending on the size, number, and location of the growths. Some options include:

  • Cryotherapy
  • Curettage
  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
  • Topical 5-fluorouracil
  • Topical ingenol mebutate
  • Topical diclofenac
  • Chemical peels

Frequently Asked Questions

What does actinic keratosis look like?

Actinic keratosis often appears as a dry, rough, or scaly patch that may be pink, red, or flesh-colored. The area may feel like sandpaper and can be easier to feel than see. Some spots may become thicker, crusted, or slightly tender over time.

What is actinic keratosis?

Actinic keratosis is a rough, scaly patch of skin caused by long-term sun exposure. It commonly appears on areas that receive the most sun, such as the face, scalp, ears, neck, hands, and forearms. Actinic keratoses are considered precancerous because they can sometimes develop into skin cancer if left untreated.

Is actinic keratosis a type of skin cancer?

Actinic keratosis is not skin cancer, but it is considered a precancerous condition. In some cases, these lesions can progress into squamous cell carcinoma, a common form of skin cancer. This is why dermatologists recommend evaluating and treating actinic keratoses early.

What causes actinic keratosis?

The primary cause of actinic keratosis is cumulative sun damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Years of sun exposure or tanning bed use can damage skin cells and lead to these rough, scaly patches developing later in life.

Who is most at risk for actinic keratosis?

People with fair skin, light hair, or light-colored eyes are more likely to develop actinic keratosis. Individuals who spend a lot of time outdoors, have a history of sunburns, or are over the age of 40 also have a higher risk.

Can actinic keratosis turn into skin cancer?

Yes. While many actinic keratoses remain stable, some can develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Because it is difficult to predict which lesions may progress, dermatologists recommend having suspicious spots evaluated and treated promptly.

How is actinic keratosis diagnosed?

A dermatologist can usually diagnose actinic keratosis during a skin examination by looking closely at the lesion. In some cases, a small biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out skin cancer.

How is actinic keratosis treated?

Treatment depends on the number, size, and location of the lesions. Common options include cryotherapy (freezing the lesion), topical prescription medications, or other procedures designed to remove damaged skin cells and allow healthy skin to grow.

Can actinic keratosis go away on its own?

Some actinic keratoses may temporarily fade, but they often return if the underlying sun damage remains. Because these lesions can potentially develop into skin cancer, it is important to have them evaluated by a dermatologist rather than ignoring them.

When should I see a dermatologist for actinic keratosis?

You should see a dermatologist if you notice any rough, scaly patches that persist, grow, bleed, or become tender. Regular skin exams are also important, especially if you have a history of sun damage or previous actinic keratoses. Early evaluation helps prevent potential progression to skin cancer.

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Schedule an Appointment

If you notice signs of actinic keratoses, it is important to consult with  a board-certified dermatologist to ensure the health of your skin and address the skin lesions. 

To schedule an appointment at Arlington Dermatology, please call our office or contact us online. 

Related Post

Warning Signs of Actinic Keratosis

Actinic keratosis usually presents as a small, possible rough spot on the skin. These spots occur due to excess sun exposure. Actinic keratosis is often found on the face, scalp, ears, and back of the neck. These superficial lesions have not yet penetrated deeper into the skin.

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